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Management作业代写、代做R程序语言作业、logarithm留学生作业代写、R课程设计作业代做
IÉSEG School of Management
2019-2020 Semester 1
Quantitative Financial Analysis with R
Case Study 2
You are a financial analyst and your role is to conduct equity research on European
companies. One of the companies you are following is developing a new line of business and
its profits are expected to increase. The company already has an important amount of debt
compared to its industry peers. You are wondering if, with this additional profit, the company
will pay back its debt and reduce its financial leverage. Or whether the increase of the quality
of the company’s financials will make the company better able handle a large debt level. Thus
the company might decide not to reduce its leverage.
You want to conduct an econometric analysis to check whether European companies tend to
reduce their leverage when their profits increase, or whether they increase leverage with
profits.
Looking into the research literature about the topic, you obtain the article by Frank and Goyal
(2009) that conducts a thorough analysis on the topic of financial leverage for US companies.
The main results of the paper are shown in Table V, Panel B (page 22). These results are the
benchmark for US companies. In your report, you should compare these results with
European companies.
You gather data from the 1000 largest European companies, excluding the financial sector,
real estate and holding companies (because in these sectors, leverage does not have the effect
as for goods or services firms). In order to analyze the issue, you run a regression analysis
similar to the one in Frank and Goyal (2009), with book leverage as dependent variable
(defined as total debt over total assets). The explanatory variables are Profits (defined as
EBITDA divided by total assets), Tangibility (fixed assets over total assets), Market-to-Book
ratio as a measure of growth opportunity (market capitalization divided by book value of
equity), Volatility, Liquidity (which is the current ratio: current assets over current liabilities),
and possibly a measure relative to dividends. To control for the size effect, there are several
possibilities (it is expected that large companies have better access to the debt market): the
logarithm of market capitalization, or the logarithm of total revenues, or the logarithm of total
assets. Since it is well known that the industry in which a company operates has an effect on
leverage, it is important to control for industry. A commonly used method is to use industry
dummies.
Instructions
Please write a full report. Work in teams of 2 or 3. Download and use the data available on
ieseg-online. The variables are defined in the Excel file. The deadline to submit the report is
Thursday November 21st, 2019, midnight. Submit the report by uploading it on the link
provided on ieseg-online.
Reference
Frank, M.Z., Goyal, V.K., 2009, Capital structure decisions: Which factors are reliably
important? Financial Management, vol. 38, pages 1–37.
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